Gemological examination combines materials science and commodity science procedures for analyzing inserts of precious and semi-precious stones, as well as their synthetic analogues and artificial materials (glass, plastics, etc.).
A materials science examination consists of determining the type of mineral and its variety, or the material from which the product is made, the natural origin of the mineral and the fact of processing.
Commodity expertise is the determination of the quality characteristics of a product and their compliance with the necessary standards based on a visual inspection.